Saturday, April 7, 2018

grammar - Does anyone know which おり this is?



彼女は表情が生き生きとしておりとてもかわいい。



was translated awkwardly on ALC as



She is very pretty for the liveliness of her expression.



Which おり is this? I think I know it from the polite しております but is it here wielding more expressive meaning?



Answer




Let me have a go at this:





  • 彼女{かのじょ}は: She/Her (establishing context)




  • 表情{ひょうじょう}が: expression (with nominative case marker)





  • 生{い}き生{い}き: vividly, lively




  • して: Verb conjunctive form of する




  • おり: 連用形 of 居る{おる} (To be/exist for animate things) This should be the verb you're looking for




  • とても: intensifier





  • かわいい: pretty







  1. The verb is 生き生きとして居る, the subject is 表情. Combining them yields "There is a vivid/lively expression"





  2. Context is 彼女


    Combining 1. and 2. yields "For her, there is a vivid lively expression"




Now put the verb in 連用形 to get:



3.彼女は表情が生き生きとしており



One of the uses of the 連用形 is to join up several sentences as subphrases into a large continuous sentence.*



One sentence has been established, which is in 3.彼女は表情が生き生きとしており


The other sentence is とてもかわいい ((She) is very pretty)


Combining them yields "She has a lively expression, she is very pretty"




EDIT: Regarding your comment on trying to introduce a "because" nuance.


You can use the て-form of the verb to introduce an implicit sequence of events. (Weak causal relation)(If you want a stronger causal relation, use から)


See Verb Grammar - The Verb Conjunctive Form(You have to scroll down a little bit)


The difference between linking sentences with て-form and linking with 連用形 is that there is no implicit sequence of events when linking with 連用形.




*Extracted from nihongoresources:




One of the uses of the 連用形 is to join up several sentences as subphrases into a large continuous (which is what 連用 means) sentence, similar to how in English for instance you would join up two sentences by putting a comma between them and if necessary changing the phrasing on the first sentence just a tiny bit. If we look at an example you might get an idea of how this works:


日本語: 花が咲く。 English: Flowers bloom.


日本語: 鳥が鳴く English: Birds are chirping..


日本語: 春が来た。 English: Spring has come.


We can combine these into a single sentence:


日本語: 花が咲き鳥が鳴き春が来た。 English: Flowers bloom, birds are chirping; spring has come.



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