If someone skips parts of shacharit in order to say shemoneh esrei with the congregation, (when) should the skipped paragraphs be made up?
Answer
First of all, the berachos upon pesukei dezimra (Yishtabach and Baruch Sheamar) cannot be made after one has said the Amidah (Shulchan Aruch 52). The question, then, is about the pesukim/mizmorim.
The Shulchan Aruch there writes that one may, after finishing davening, go back to say the parts of pesukei dezimra that he skipped, and it sounds a bit like he feels that this is the proper thing to do. This also seems to be the position of the Mishna Berurah (52:9). The Aruch Hashulchan (52:4), though, believes that according to the Shulchan Aruch this is merely optional. There doesn't seem to be a time limit, as the Shulchan Aruch's reasoning is that saying pesukei dezimra is no different than saying tehillim, which can be said at any time.
However, the Aruch Hashulchan himself (52:5) believes that one is prohibited from saying pesukei dezimra after prayer, and he insists that this is the position of the Tur and geonim. His reasoning is that "pesukei dezimra was only established for pre-prayer" (in addition to kabalistic reasons). Another reason may also be that it's improper to praise God after praying to Him (see Maharal in Nesiv Ha'Avodah ch. 12 based on Megillah daf 18a)
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