Recently I was studying the use of から and だから as conjunctions. Could anyone explain why one is used in these examples while the other is not? Are there rules as to whether から and だから can follow a phrase or a clause? I am pretty clear as to why から and だから are used in the first two examples, but in the last three, in examples 1 and 2 I am confused as to why the answers provided to me are the correct ones. I understand the second example.
これは僕のお気に入りだから、気をつけて使って下さいね。 It's my favorite, so please be careful.
私は、日本語を学んですでに4年になるが、自分の日本語の不十分さから、日常生活で面白い失敗を起こすことは珍しくない。 It has been four years since I began learning the Japanese language, but since my Japanese is not proficient, it's not unusual for me to make some rather interesting mistakes in using Japanese in my daily life.
１．最近寒い（から・だから）身体に気を付けて下さい。
２．最近寒くなった（から・だから）身体に気を付けて下さい。
３．例年以上の寒さ（から・だから）身体に気を付けて下さい。
Answers:
1．寒いから
2．寒くなったから
3．寒さだから
Answer
It's simply that だから is the copula だ + から. Therefore:
2 can't be 寒くなっただから because 寒くなっただ is nonsense; you don't put だ after verbs.
1 can't be 寒いだから for the same reason -- い-adjectives don't take だ. They take です, as a politeness marker, but not だ.
3 can't be 寒さから because now から is following a noun instead of a clause or sentence (which だ would have completed). When から follows a noun, it instead means "from" (cf. が the subject particle / が meaning "but").
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