Wednesday, January 24, 2018

fft - Interpolation and harmonics


A real valued causal sequence x1[n] exists with length of the sequence being N. Valid indices of x conform to 0nN1



The DFT of x[n] is: X1[k]=N1n=0x1[n].ej.2.π.k.n/N


The normalized frequency spectrum exists from 0 to 2π. This frequency spectrum contains discrete frequencies which are integer factors of 2πN.


A properly sampled signal fulfilling Nyquist criteria will have the valid range of normalized frequencies from 0 through (N21) 2πN.


As an example, for N=8, the valid frequencies are 0, 2π.n/N, 4π.n/N and 6π.n/N.


When x1[n] is upsampled with a factor of 2, we essentially insert a 0 after each sample. This creates a new sequence x2[n] with a length of 2N.


The DFT of this new sequence will now be: X2[k]=2N1n=0x2[n].ej.π.k.n/N


The discrete frequencies of this new sequence are 0, π.n/N, 2π.n/N, 3π.n/N, 4π.n/N, 5π.n/N, 6π.n/N, 7π.n/N and so on.


So it is clear that each new sample that was added to x1[n] has introduced a new frequency component.


I have two questions now:





  1. As the harmonics (as the math seems to suggest) lies amongst the desired frequencies (e.g., π.n/N is less than 2π.n/N, and 3π.n/N is less than 4π.n/N), shouldn't the interpolation filter be a comb filter?




  2. When I take a FFT of x2[n], I expect to see the harmonics in the original pass-band. But instead, the frequency spectrum of x1[n] has been replicated.




What have I misunderstood?




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