The structure of Borax has really baffled me. Its formula is NaX2BX4OX7⋅10HX2O and it is formulated as NaX2[BX4OX5(OH)X4]⋅8HX2O.
2 structures of Borax given on the internet are
Can anybody explain that why the formulas mentioned on different websites are different.Something is strange about this compound because even Wikipedia does not give the structure.
It only says
there are two four-coordinate boron atoms (two BOX4 tetrahedra) and two three-coordinate boron atoms (two BOX3 triangles).
Answer
Greenwood and Earnshaw's Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed. (p 206) writes that the structures of the borates are rather complicated:
It is clear [...] that, without structural data, the stoichiometry of these borate minerals gives little indication of their constitution.
As such, for example, KBX5OX8⋅4HX2O is more properly formulated as K[BX5OX6(OH)X4]⋅2HX2O. You've also noticed that borax, NaX2BX4OX7⋅10HX2O is more properly formulated as NaX2[BX4OX5(OH)X4]⋅8HX2O. This means that the structure of borax does not simply consist of NaX+ ions and BX4OX7X2− anions with waters of crystallisation.
Therefore I would guess that both structures are, more likely than not, incomplete.
A further illustration is afforded by borax which is normally formulated NaX2BX4OX7⋅10HX2O, but which contains tetranuclear units BX4OX5(OH)X4]X2− formed by fusing 2 BX3OX3 rings which each contain 2 BOX4 (shared) and 1 BOX3 unit; borax should therefore be written as NaX2[BX4OX5(OH)X4] .8HX2O.
(grey - boron; white - oxygen; black - hydrogen).
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