Tuesday, March 5, 2019

inorganic chemistry - Structure of Borax


The structure of Borax has really baffled me. Its formula is NaX2BX4OX710HX2O and it is formulated as NaX2[BX4OX5(OH)X4]8HX2O.
2 structures of Borax given on the internet are


Image by ironchemical.com


Image by mpbio.com


Can anybody explain that why the formulas mentioned on different websites are different.Something is strange about this compound because even Wikipedia does not give the structure.


It only says



there are two four-coordinate boron atoms (two BOX4 tetrahedra) and two three-coordinate boron atoms (two BOX3 triangles).





Answer



Greenwood and Earnshaw's Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed. (p 206) writes that the structures of the borates are rather complicated:



It is clear [...] that, without structural data, the stoichiometry of these borate minerals gives little indication of their constitution.



As such, for example, KBX5OX84HX2O is more properly formulated as K[BX5OX6(OH)X4]2HX2O. You've also noticed that borax, NaX2BX4OX710HX2O is more properly formulated as NaX2[BX4OX5(OH)X4]8HX2O. This means that the structure of borax does not simply consist of NaX+ ions and BX4OX7X2 anions with waters of crystallisation.


Therefore I would guess that both structures are, more likely than not, incomplete.



A further illustration is afforded by borax which is normally formulated NaX2BX4OX710HX2O, but which contains tetranuclear units BX4OX5(OH)X4]X2 formed by fusing 2 BX3OX3 rings which each contain 2 BOX4 (shared) and 1 BOX3 unit; borax should therefore be written as NaX2[BX4OX5(OH)X4] .8HX2O.


enter image description here



(grey - boron; white - oxygen; black - hydrogen).



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