grammar - Difference between にとって and として

What differences are there between にとって and として ?

To the best of my understanding, both have meanings of stating something from a certain point of view or perspective. However, I think that there's some kind of nuance/grammar pattern between them that renders them noninterchangeable.

For one, I guess it's ok to say

僕にとって、これは大嫌い。

人間として、人殺しはいけないことだ。

But you couldn't reverse the two to say

僕として、これは大嫌い。

人間にとって、人殺しはいけないことだ。

Intuitively, I'm thinking it has something to do with volitionality?

Answer

In my head, it basically works like this:

X として = As X
X にとって = For X

They can sometimes be interchangeable in the sense that they both make sense, but the meaning is a little different:

1. 親として、許せないことだ
   As a parent, it's an unforgivable thing.


2. 親にとって、許せないことだ
   For a parent, it's an unforgivable thing.

Same with the murder example. 〜として would mean “As humans, murder is a bad thing”, and 〜にとって would mean “For humans, murder is a bad thing.”

In many cases, only one of them will make sense:

• 学校として、子供を守らないといけない
  
  As a school, we have to protect our children.


• 僕にとって、ハワイに行くのは夢だ
  For me, going to Hawaii is a dream.

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〜として goes better with categorial nouns

〜として will more often take categorial nouns, as opposed to specific nouns. For example, 男 is a category, while 僕 is a specific person. “As a man…” or “As men…” is more natural than “As me…”.

But when you add は at the end to make 〜としては, it will work with any kind of noun, common or specific. オバマとしては〜, マイクロソフトとしては〜, 君としては〜, are all fine.