Thursday, March 22, 2018

grammar - Usage of 如き, 如し, 如く


如き【ごとき】, 如し【ごとし】, 如く【ごとく】 all mean "like/as if/the same as". Is there a certain way they can be used or are they interchangeable?



Answer



These are all different forms of the helping verb ごとし.


They are used differently this way:



  • 如し ⇒ のようだ (used as a verb)


  • 如く ⇒ のように、のようで (used like an adverb)

  • 如き ⇒ のような (used as an adjective)




  • 目差しは炎の如し ⇒ 目差しは炎のようだ
    (his) gaze was as a flaming fire

  • の如く広い草原を渡る ⇒ 海のように広い草原を渡る
    (we) cross a plain wide as the sea

  • の如き速さで走る ⇒ 馬のような速さで走る

    to run with the speed of a horse



如く is the 連用形 of 如し:



  • 眼差しは炎の如く、相手‌​を捕えていた。


如き is the 連体形 of 如し:



  • 炎の如き眼差しで、攻撃の準備をしていた。



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