そこで、マッカーサーが自分で作って見たのが地図Aである。 https://www.docdroid.net/847v2dg/img-20170413-0001-new.pdf.html The sentence is from Line 5 in the above linked text.
the problem lies with のが. I don't really understand why it is there. I usually would expect the sentence to be like this: そこで、マッカーサーが自分で作って見た地図Aである => "Therefore, the map A is there, which McArthur tried to craft by himself." or "Therefore the McArthur tried to craft by himself map A is there" in a more literal way.
In this very chapter, my textbook taught me that a sentence element further determining another sentence element can be marked through both が and の, like here: 留学生 が/の 描いた絵を見ました。
But nowhere has it been said that both can be used at the same time xD So, apart from the fact that I really don't see why が or の have to be there at all, I understand even less why both of them are there...^^
Answer
This type of sentence is called a cleft sentence. This の works as a placeholder just like "it" in English cleft sentences. This is a very common pattern. See the link for details and lots of similar examples (linked under "Related" section).
マッカーサーは地図Aを作ってみた。
McArthur tried making Map A.マッカーサーが作ってみたのは地図Aである。
It is Map A that McArthur tried making.マッカーサーが作ってみたのが地図Aである。 (exhaustive-listing ga)
It is Map A (among others) that McArthur tried making.
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