For full context: https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20180127/k10011304581000.html
The sentence in question: 日本で働く外国人労働者は去年１２７万人余りと、統計を取り始めた平成２０年以降最も多くなったことが厚生労働省のまとめでわかりました。
My attempt at translation: "Concerning the foreigner employees who work in japan, through the conclusion of the ministry of health, labour and welfare we know that last year it became more than 1270000 since 20 years heisei era where they began taking the statistics."
So I basically ignored the と in 余りと because I didnt know how to interprete it. The entry on jisho didnt seem to fit either http://jisho.org/search/amarito .
Im also not sure if I resolved the nominal phrase 統計を取り始めた平成２０年以降最 correctly by making 統計を取り始めた a relative attribute.
I think that 余り and 多くなった are somehow related, since the foreigners "became more than...". However, the more semantics already is in the word あまり, which is why it seems like a doublette if 多くなった follows.
Ultimately, Im very skeptical about my interpretation of まとめで. I interpreted で as a particle indicating a means because it fit my interpretation well, but since my interpretation had a lot of guesses, I feel like this is probably not right xD
Answer
The と is a quotative particle. Here it continues to （最も）多くなった.
『日本で働く外国人労働者は去年１２７万人余り』と、（統計を取り始めた平成２０年以降）最も多くなった
It can be roughly understood as 「～というふうに・というように・のように、多くなった」.
Similar examples:
- 参加者は200名と多くなった。 The number of participants grew to 200.
- 数値は80％と、今までで最も高かった。 The number was the highest ever, being 80%.
- 結果は５対０と、初出場ながら健闘しました。 The team did well with a score of 5 to 0, even though it was their first appearance in the tournament.
As the other posters said...
余り means "a little more than [a phrase with a number]".
あまり【余り】
🈪（造）《数を表す語に付いて》それより少し多い意を表す。[余]{よ}。
「二百余りの申し込みがあった」「ひと月余りが経過した」
(明鏡国語辞典)
and まとめ is "summary" (or "conclusion" or "report", depending on the context.)
As for the other part and a full translation, please refer to the other posters' answers...
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