Friday, July 12, 2019

solutions - What elements and/or substances without water are liquid at room temperature?



I was thinking about liquids, and I started to wonder theses related questions:


1) Besides mercury, what elements are naturally liquid at room temperature?


2) What naturally found family of substances/mixtures that do not contain $\ce{H2O}$ are naturally liquid at room temperature?



Answer




This question is a bit broad in terms of the sheer amount of chemical compounds and mixtures that are liquid at room temperature. Examples include:


Compounds
Acids, bases, many hydrocarbons (e.g. hexane) and many more


Mixtures
Crude oil, aqua regia and many more


In terms of elements, there are only two that are liquid at room temperature (say about 20 °C or 293 K):



Francium, cesium, gallium and rubidium are close, with melting points at 300 K, 301.59 K, 303.3 K and 312.46 K respectively.


LennTech provides a list The elements of the periodic table sorted by melting point


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