Tuesday, February 6, 2018

grammar - Combining に/で particles with 等【など】(or other "etc." stand-ins)


I was recently trying to make an open-ended enumeration of places in a construction that would require the use of a に particle. E.g.:



AやBに行こう



or even:




A[and the like]に行こう



Preferably using a stronger indicator of open-endedness, such as 等 (to me や only has a weak implication of other possibilities, whereas here I want to convey the idea of "places like A [or B]"). But then I realised that the combination of に and 等 did not sound quite right, and even if it was, I had no idea how it would go (Aに等? A等に?)...


Thus my question:


Can 等 (or a suitably similar word for "and the like") ever be used with a に/で construction? (not necessarily just locations... Tools or "means" as well: AやBで行こう)



Answer



A particle normally follows など.


and are marked as optional (my dictionary puts them in parenthesis).




For tools: フォークやスプーンなど食べる人もいる。 "There are also people who eat it with things like forks and spoons."


For places: 夏休みはXやYなど(に)行きましょうか。"Shall we go to places like X or Y for the summer vacation?"



Interestingly, my dictionary says that if the particles precede など, the sentence is given a derogatory meaning. (, and cannot precede など)



箸でなど食べられない。 "We can't eat with the damned chopsticks."





Alternatively I think you can try:




For places: Xのような場所 "Places like X"


For tools: Xのような道具 "Tools like X"


And by extension: XのようなY "Y like X" for other categories of things you might think of.



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