Monday, April 8, 2019

grammar - Does the Japanese equivalent of a lengthy combination of hyphenated English words exist?


I was reading this question on English.SE Is a lengthy combination of words with hyphens like “the worst not-technically-in-a-recession year in American history” a new fashion of writing?.


Surely, the combination could be called and used in nominalization or inversion (source), but the combination is very long and usually it's intended as a form of light sarcasm or irony.


I'll cite the example



... The year’s second-quarter growth rate was just downgraded to an anemic 1.3 percent, real household income dipped in the month leading up to the two political conventions, and the American Enterprise Institute’s James Pethokoukis suggests that 2012 might turn out to be the worst not-technically-in-a-recession year in modern American history”.


(same source)



If I wanted to do a verbatim translation, my first method would not be to translate the combination directly but to make it standardized and straightforward. This method is used by Mitch's answer in the English.SE question.




... 2012 might turn out to be the worst year in modern American history not technically in a recession:



Why? Because translating it like this is NG and could be ambiguous or doesn't even have any meaning and is hard to pronounce in Japanese:



... 「最悪+[not technically in a recession]+年」 ...


This is simply bad "nominalization" in Japanese.



My questions are:




  1. Does this "nominalization" exist in Japanese?

  2. If you were to translate it from the start, would you do it like I did in my first method (making it standard)?



Answer



If we focus on the word order, normal Japanese relative clauses look pretty much similar to this hyphen-combined English phrase. That is, a large modifying clause can come before the modified word.




  • large-fish-eating cat 大きな魚を食べる猫

  • not-technically-in-a-recession year 定義上は不況でない年

  • I-wanna-marry-you-kinda liking お嫁さんにしたいの好き




So the Japanese language usually doesn't need hyphens.


If you want to simulate the mild "sarcastic" effect, one way to do so is just to use brackets. Using 二重カギ括弧 (『』) more explicitly shows there's some special nuance implied in the content.




  • 2012年は米国史上最悪の「定義上は不況でない」年となるだろう。

  • 2012年は米国史上最悪の『定義上は不況でない』年となるだろう。




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