Thursday, June 27, 2019

intermolecular forces - Why does silicon tetrafluoride have a higher melting point than sulfur tetrafluoride?


So looking at the Wikipedia pages of sulfur tetrafluoride and silicon tetrafluoride, the melting points are −121 °C and −90 °C respectively, and so SiFX4 has the higher melting point. However, their boiling points are −38 °C and −86 °C, respectively, giving SFX4 the higher boiling point.



I can justify that SFX4 has the higher boiling point because it is more polar since its Lewis structure has a lone pair on the sulfur atom, and so it experiences greater dipole-dipole forces. However, why does SFX4 have a lower melting point?



Answer



High symmetry molecules fit into crystal lattices especially well (higher m.p.), but are volatile for having fewer van der Waals interactions (lower b.p.).


Compoundm.p./Cb.p./Cpentane13036.1isopentane16027.2neopentane189.5octane571252-methylheptane1101172,2,4-trimethylpentane107992,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane101107cubane131133(sub. at r.t.)*decane30174isodecane75167adamantane270sub.


* sub. — sublimes; r.t. — room temperature.


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