彼が持っているのは二百円です。 Supposedly this means "It is 200 yen that he has.". But I am really not familiar with this sentence construction. Therefore, I'm not sure how everything before の works with the rest of the sentence. Or what の is doing in the first place.
Answer
彼が持っているのは二百円です
He has 200 yen.
彼 / が持っている / の
He / has (lit. is holding) / (what he is holding){because の makes が持っている into a noun="what he has"}
は / 二百円です
as for / 200 yen is
So literally, it would be, "As for what he is holding, it is 200 yen" - "As for what he has, it is 200 yen" - "As for what he has, it's 200 yen" - "He has 200 yen"
の turns 彼が持っている into a noun phrase, while は means "as for".
In natural English, it becomes "He has 200 yen." Without context, I cannot ascertain what is emphasized -see comments below as well as this question:
AはB emphasizing B, rather than A
Depending on context, perhaps an implied meaning would be, "All he has is 200 yen."
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