In physics class, we write the first law of thermodynamics as $\mathrm dU =\mathrm dQ - \mathrm dW$ and in the physical chemistry class, we write the same law as $\mathrm dU =\mathrm dQ + \mathrm dW$.
The reason being the sign convention is different in both the cases.
In physics we take work done by the system as positive and in chemistry work done on the system.
I realize that this does not cause any change in the actual law of nature but I just want to know why we have different sign conventions. Wouldn't just one convention make life easier?
Is there a historical reason? Or is this is to differentiate between subjects?
Answer
This is not a simple physics versus chemistry distinction. I taught Physics for 25 years and saw many examples of either usage in multiple textbooks. In fact, at some point in my tenure, the AP Physics committee swapped conventions on the equation sheet for the AP Exam.
Just my take here: I've always attributed the work-done-by-the-system camp as being more prone to be used by engineering types who want to know "what the system can do for us" in practical applications. On the other hand, work-done-on-the-system seems to foster the view of an experimenter or theoretician operating on a system from without.
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