Friday, January 11, 2019

organic chemistry - Why should 2,6-Dimethyl-4-nitrophenol be more acidic than 3,5-Dimethyl-4-nitrophenol


I was trying to compare acidity of some organic compounds but can't understand some:


Why should 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol be more acidic than 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol?


I have been trying to figure it out using various factors like hyperconjugation and induction effect of Me group but its not working. Suppose i take H.C effect 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol be "less" acidic than 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol since it destabilizes the negative charge on conjugate base. But this logic is not working.



Answer



In the 3,5-dimethyl isomer, steric effects come into play and influence the acidity.



Resonance structures like B in the figure below, that stabilize the phenoxide anion explain why 4-nitrophenol ($\ce{R=H}$) is more acidic than phenol. Resonance structure B requires that the nitro group be planar with the aromatic ring. If methyl groups are placed adjacent to the nitro group ($\ce{R=CH3}$), the steric interactions between the two methyl groups and the nitro group becomes large and forces the nitro group to rotate out of the aromatic plane, Hence resonance structure B can no longer contribute and the compound is less acidic.


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